Iraq
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Iraq terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik Moderate. Total 1 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Gempa bumi terbesar yang tercatat di negara ini mencapai magnitudo 4,6. Dengan populasi 46.118.793 dan luas daratan 438.317 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Iraq's seismicity is concentrated in its northeastern and northern regions, where the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt enters the country from Iran. The Arabia-Eurasia collision that drives Zagros seismicity produces thrust and blind thrust earthquakes of magnitude 5–7 at relatively frequent intervals. The principal seismically active zone crosses northeastern Iraq through the Kirkuk Embayment and the Zagros mountain foothills. The Kurdish region and the Mosul area in the north sit closest to the active Zagros deformation front. Southern and central Iraq, including Baghdad, are positioned on the stable Arabian Platform interior and experience much lower seismic hazard, though they are not entirely free from risk given the potential for waves from larger Zagros events to propagate southwestward.
Historical and instrumental earthquake records for Iraq show damaging events concentrated in the northeast. The 2017 Iran-Iraq border earthquake (magnitude 7.3, centred in Sarpol-e-Zahab, Iran) was strongly felt across northern Iraq and killed eight people on the Iraqi side while causing widespread damage in communities along the border. Earlier events in the Sulaymaniyah and Dohuk regions have caused building damage and casualties. The 1909 Silakhor earthquake in adjacent Iran (magnitude 7.3) caused severe effects across the border region. Mud-brick and unreinforced masonry construction in rural areas of northern Iraq is vulnerable even to moderate [[intensity]] shaking. The flat plains of Mesopotamia south of Baghdad — built on deep alluvial sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers — could amplify [[seismic-wave]] energy considerably during any future large event.
Iraq's deeper tectonic context involves its position at the collision front where Arabia underthrusts Eurasia along a broad belt. The Zagros fold belt visible in northeastern Iraq represents the erosional surface expression of a deeply buried thrust system. Seismic reflection and refraction surveys show that the basement beneath Iraq's sedimentary cover descends northeastward, dipping under the accretionary wedge of the Zagros. The Kirkuk-Khanaqin zone has produced historical seismicity consistent with blind thrust [[fault]] activation. The Persian Gulf and the Arabian shelf south of the Zagros are underlain by passive margin structures with some seismicity. Iraq's capital Baghdad, though positioned on the more stable Arabian Platform, sits on thick Quaternary alluvial deposits that could amplify distant [[seismic-wave]]s.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu |
|---|---|---|
| 5,2 | 27 km S of Javānrūd, Iran | 1 hari, 7 jam lalu |
Peristiwa Historis yang Menonjol
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Iraq
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Iraq has a moderate level of seismic activity. Significant earthquakes occur periodically. A total of 1 earthquakes have been recorded in Iraq's seismic history.
The largest recorded earthquake in Iraq had a magnitude of 4.6. Earthquakes of this size can cause significant damage depending on depth, location, and local building standards.
Iraq has had 1 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Iraq is classified in the "Moderate" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.
Metrik Seismik
Aktivitas Seismik di Sekitar
Ringkasan Tahunan
Keselamatan Gempa Bumi
Iraq berada di zona risiko seismik sedang. Kesiapsiagaan dasar terhadap gempa bumi disarankan.
- Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan saat terjadi guncangan
- Simpan peralatan darurat dengan air, makanan, dan pertolongan pertama
- Identifikasi tempat aman di setiap ruangan jauh dari jendela dan benda berat
- Ketahui rute evakuasi tsunami jika berada di area pantai