Syria
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Syria terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik Moderate. Total 3 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Gempa bumi terbesar yang tercatat di negara ini mencapai magnitudo 4,4. Dengan populasi 25.620.000 dan luas daratan 185.180 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Syria's seismicity is governed by two major fault systems: the Dead Sea Transform in the southwest and the East Anatolian Fault system whose western extensions cross into northern Syria. The Dead Sea Transform — the plate boundary between the Arabian Plate and the Sinai (African) microplate — runs through the Jordan Rift Valley and the Ghab Depression in western Syria before merging with the East Anatolian system in southern Turkey. The Ghab Basin is a large pull-apart depression where the Dead Sea Transform steps to the left, creating extensional tectonics. The Palmyride Fold Belt in central Syria reflects older compressional tectonics. Active [[fault]] systems also cross the Aleppo region in the northwest, where the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake caused catastrophic destruction.
Syria's seismic history is among the most destructive in the world when measured across its long recorded history. The 526 AD Antioch earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.5) killed approximately 250,000 people in what is now the Antakya (Turkey)-Aleppo region. The 1138 Aleppo earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.1) killed between 30,000 and 230,000 people — one of the most lethal earthquakes in all of history. The 1202 Syria earthquake (magnitude ~7.6) caused widespread destruction across the Levant. More recently, the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence (magnitude 7.8 and 7.7 in Turkey) caused catastrophic destruction in northwestern Syria, killing over 6,000 Syrians (in addition to 50,000+ in Turkey) and destroying tens of thousands of buildings in Aleppo, Idlib, Lattakia, and Hama. The [[aftershock]] sequence included hundreds of events felt across Syria. Syria's vulnerable building stock — much already damaged by years of conflict — performed extremely poorly in the moderate-to-strong [[intensity]] shaking.
The tectonic context of Syria involves its position at a triple junction region where the Dead Sea Transform, the East Anatolian Fault, and the Cyprus Arc all converge. Syria sits entirely on the Arabian Plate, which is moving northward relative to Africa at roughly 6–8 millimetres per year along the Dead Sea Transform and northwestward into Eurasia via the East Anatolian Fault. The Ghab pull-apart basin has accumulated several kilometres of sediment and represents active normal faulting in a predominantly strike-slip tectonic environment. The [[epicenter]] distribution of Syrian earthquakes clearly traces the major fault zones, with the highest seismicity in the northwest along the Dead Sea Transform and the Aleppo Fault system. The ancient cities of Syria — Aleppo, Damascus, and Palmyra — have been rebuilt repeatedly after earthquake destruction over their 5,000-year histories, a testament to both the region's seismic hazard and human resilience.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu |
|---|---|---|
| 5,0 | 17 km SE of Malatya, Turkey | 2 hari, 10 jam lalu |
Peristiwa Historis yang Menonjol
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Syria
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Syria has a moderate level of seismic activity. Significant earthquakes occur periodically. A total of 3 earthquakes have been recorded in Syria's seismic history.
The largest recorded earthquake in Syria had a magnitude of 4.4. Earthquakes of this size can cause significant damage depending on depth, location, and local building standards.
Syria has had 3 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Syria is classified in the "Moderate" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.
Metrik Seismik
Aktivitas Seismik di Sekitar
Ringkasan Tahunan
Keselamatan Gempa Bumi
Syria berada di zona risiko seismik sedang. Kesiapsiagaan dasar terhadap gempa bumi disarankan.
- Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan saat terjadi guncangan
- Simpan peralatan darurat dengan air, makanan, dan pertolongan pertama
- Identifikasi tempat aman di setiap ruangan jauh dari jendela dan benda berat
- Ketahui rute evakuasi tsunami jika berada di area pantai