Thailand
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Thailand terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik Moderate. Total 4 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Gempa bumi terbesar yang tercatat di negara ini mencapai magnitudo 4,7. Dengan populasi 65.859.640 dan luas daratan 513.120 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Thailand's seismic hazard is primarily concentrated in its northern region, where the right-lateral Sagaing Fault system of Myanmar approaches the border and branches into Thailand's northern mountainous terrain as the Mae Klong and Three Pagodas fault systems. These faults accommodate the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina Block from the India-Asia collision zone. Central and southern Thailand, including Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand coast, sit on the stable Sunda Shelf and experience low seismicity. The Chi Fault and Wang Chao Fault in northern Thailand have produced historical earthquakes, and the Mae Sariang and Mae Chan fault zones are active. The Andaman Sea to the west of southern Thailand overlies the Sunda subduction system, which despite being distant from the Thai landmass generated the 2004 tsunami that devastated Thailand's Andaman coast.
Thailand's modern seismic record includes the 2014 Chiang Rai earthquake (magnitude 6.3), the strongest instrumental earthquake recorded in Thailand, which killed one person, injured dozens, and caused significant damage to historic temples and buildings in the northern province. The 2011 Chiang Rai earthquake (magnitude 6.8, centred in Myanmar near the border) was strongly felt across northern Thailand. The 2007 earthquake near Mae Hong Son (magnitude 5.9) caused building damage in northern Thai communities. The December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake generated [[tsunami]] waves 2–10 metres tall that struck Thailand's Andaman coast, killing approximately 5,400 people including many foreign tourists at Khao Lak and Phuket. The total [[seismic-wave]] and tsunami hazard from the Sunda subduction zone thus exceeds the direct hazard from Thai onshore fault systems for much of the country.
The tectonic context of Thailand positions it within the Sundaland microcontinent — a relatively rigid crustal block that is being squeezed from the north by the India-Asia collision and from the south by the active subduction zones of the Sunda Arc. The major faults of northern Thailand are branches of the major left-lateral strike-slip systems of mainland Southeast Asia that accommodate the regional escape tectonics. Bangkok, built on very deep soft marine clay deposits — up to 80 metres thick in places — would be susceptible to significant [[seismic-wave]] amplification and [[liquefaction]] in the event of a major earthquake on the northern Thai fault systems, but such an event would require several hundred kilometres of propagation across the stable Thai plains. The Three Pagodas Fault and Mae Klong Fault represent the primary seismic risk for western Thailand and the region surrounding the historic city of Kanchanaburi.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu |
|---|---|---|
| 4,4 | 39 km ENE of Port Blair, India | 1 hari, 3 jam lalu |
Peristiwa Historis yang Menonjol
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Thailand
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Thailand has a moderate level of seismic activity. Significant earthquakes occur periodically. A total of 4 earthquakes have been recorded in Thailand's seismic history.
The largest recorded earthquake in Thailand had a magnitude of 4.7. Earthquakes of this size can cause significant damage depending on depth, location, and local building standards.
Thailand has had 4 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Thailand is classified in the "Moderate" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.
Metrik Seismik
Aktivitas Seismik di Sekitar
Ringkasan Tahunan
Keselamatan Gempa Bumi
Thailand berada di zona risiko seismik sedang. Kesiapsiagaan dasar terhadap gempa bumi disarankan.
- Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan saat terjadi guncangan
- Simpan peralatan darurat dengan air, makanan, dan pertolongan pertama
- Identifikasi tempat aman di setiap ruangan jauh dari jendela dan benda berat
- Ketahui rute evakuasi tsunami jika berada di area pantai