Vietnam
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Vietnam terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik Moderate. Total 1 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Gempa bumi terbesar yang tercatat di negara ini mencapai magnitudo 4,3. Dengan populasi 101.343.800 dan luas daratan 331.212 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Vietnam's seismicity is low to moderate, with the most active zone concentrated in the northwestern part of the country along the Red River Fault Zone (also called the Red River Shear Zone). This major left-lateral strike-slip [[fault]] system extends from the eastern Tibetan Plateau through Yunnan Province in China southeastward into the Gulf of Tonkin. The Red River Fault Zone was one of Asia's dominant tectonic features during the Cenozoic, accommodating hundreds of kilometres of left-lateral offset as the Indochina Block was extruded southeastward from the India-Asia collision zone. Current GPS measurements show that while activity on the Red River Fault has slowed significantly compared to its Miocene peak, some residual seismicity persists. Northern Vietnam is the most seismically active region, with moderate earthquakes centred on and near the Red River Fault Zone. Southern Vietnam, the Mekong Delta, and the Ho Chi Minh City region are geologically stable and have very low seismicity.
Vietnam's modern seismic record shows earthquakes primarily in the 4.0–5.5 magnitude range in the northwest. The 2020 Mang La earthquake (magnitude 5.3) in the central highlands caused concern but little damage. A 2019 earthquake sequence in Muong Te District, Lai Chau Province, included a magnitude 5.3 event. The most significant 20th century earthquake in Vietnam was the 1983 Dien Bien Phu earthquake (magnitude 6.7), which caused damage in the northwestern mountains. Earlier, the 1935 earthquake near Son La (magnitude approximately 6.5) caused landslides and damage. The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake generated minor felt shaking across Vietnam and very small [[tsunami]] waves on the central Vietnamese coast. The relatively modest seismicity in Vietnam reflects the stabilisation of the Indochina extrusion system over the past few million years.
The tectonic context of Vietnam's seismicity reflects the legacy of Asia's extrusion tectonics. When the Indian Plate collided with Asia approximately 50 million years ago, the Indochina Block — which includes Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand — was extruded southeastward along large strike-slip fault systems, primarily the Red River and Ailao Shan-Red River shear zones. This extrusion ended approximately 20 million years ago when the rotation of Indochina was complete and the Southeast Asian peninsula had assumed its current configuration. Today, the Red River Fault Zone carries only a few millimetres per year of residual slip. The [[seismic-wave]] propagation in northern Vietnam is influenced by the complex geological boundary between the Precambrian Indochina Block basement and the thick sedimentary sequences of the Red River Delta and Gulf of Tonkin.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tidak ada gempa bumi terbaru. | |||
Peristiwa Historis yang Menonjol
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Vietnam
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Vietnam has a moderate level of seismic activity. Significant earthquakes occur periodically. A total of 1 earthquakes have been recorded in Vietnam's seismic history.
The largest recorded earthquake in Vietnam had a magnitude of 4.3. Earthquakes of this size can cause significant damage depending on depth, location, and local building standards.
Vietnam has had 1 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Vietnam is classified in the "Moderate" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.
Metrik Seismik
Aktivitas Seismik di Sekitar
Ringkasan Tahunan
Keselamatan Gempa Bumi
Vietnam berada di zona risiko seismik sedang. Kesiapsiagaan dasar terhadap gempa bumi disarankan.
- Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan saat terjadi guncangan
- Simpan peralatan darurat dengan air, makanan, dan pertolongan pertama
- Identifikasi tempat aman di setiap ruangan jauh dari jendela dan benda berat
- Ketahui rute evakuasi tsunami jika berada di area pantai