Myanmar
Myanmar terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik High. Total 18 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Gempa bumi terbesar yang tercatat di negara ini mencapai magnitudo 5,8. Dengan populasi 51.316.756 dan luas daratan 676.578 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Myanmar occupies one of Southeast Asia's most seismically complex positions, with active [[subduction-zone]] systems on its western margin and a major continental strike-slip fault running through the country's centre. The Sagaing Fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault more than 1,200 kilometres long that runs approximately north-south through central Myanmar from the Andaman Sea to the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis near the Bangladesh-India border. This fault accommodates approximately 18–20 millimetres per year of slip — comparable to the San Andreas Fault — making it one of the world's most dangerous active faults. In western Myanmar, the Indo-Burman Ranges represent a fold-and-thrust belt above the active [[subduction-zone]] where the Indian Plate descends eastward beneath the Burma Microplate along the Sunda Arc system. A separate subduction zone in the east, the Shan Scarp fault system, adds additional complexity.
Myanmar's earthquake history is extensive and destructive. The 1930 Pegu earthquake (magnitude 7.3) killed approximately 550 people. The 1956 Sagaing earthquake (magnitude 7.0) killed over 100. The 1975 Pagan earthquake (magnitude 6.5) caused widespread damage to the ancient temples of Bagan, with over 2,000 pagodas damaged. The 2011 Tarlay earthquake (magnitude 6.9) in Shan State killed over 70 people. The 2016 earthquake sequence near Mawlaik (magnitude 6.8) caused casualties and infrastructure damage. More significantly, geological and paleoseismic studies of the Sagaing Fault have identified evidence for prehistoric great earthquakes of magnitude 7.5–8.0 with recurrence intervals of a few hundred years, suggesting that much of the accumulated strain on the fault has not yet been released instrumentally. The capital Naypyidaw and former capital Yangon both face significant seismic hazard from the Sagaing system.
The tectonic framework of Myanmar reflects its position at a major transition in the regional plate tectonic system. The Indian Plate is being subducted eastward beneath the Burma Microplate along the western margin, producing the accretionary prism of the Indo-Burman Ranges and a volcanic arc that includes Mount Popa and other volcanoes in central Myanmar. The trench-parallel component of the oblique subduction is transferred to the Sagaing Fault, creating the right-lateral motion that dominates onshore seismicity. The Andaman Sea to the south is an actively spreading back-arc basin with its own ridge system. The [[epicenter]] distribution of Myanmar earthquakes traces the Sagaing Fault system with remarkable clarity, with additional clusters in the Indo-Burman Ranges and the Andaman Sea. Deep [[seismic-wave]] refraction studies confirm the presence of the subducted Indian Plate slab beneath western Myanmar at depths of 80–120 kilometres.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu |
|---|---|---|
| 4,9 | 78 km NE of Simao, China | 1 minggu, 5 hari lalu |
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Myanmar
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Myanmar is located in a high seismic risk zone, meaning earthquakes are frequent and can be destructive. A total of 18 earthquakes have been recorded in Myanmar's seismic history.
The largest recorded earthquake in Myanmar had a magnitude of 5.8. Earthquakes of this size can cause significant damage depending on depth, location, and local building standards.
Myanmar has had 18 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Myanmar is classified in the "High" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.
Metrik Seismik
Aktivitas Seismik di Sekitar
Ringkasan Tahunan
Keselamatan Gempa Bumi
Myanmar berada di zona risiko seismik tinggi. Kesiapsiagaan menghadapi gempa bumi sangat direkomendasikan.
- Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan saat terjadi guncangan
- Simpan peralatan darurat dengan air, makanan, dan pertolongan pertama
- Identifikasi tempat aman di setiap ruangan jauh dari jendela dan benda berat
- Ketahui rute evakuasi tsunami jika berada di area pantai