Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia terletak di Asia dan memiliki klasifikasi risiko seismik Low. Total 0 gempa bumi telah tercatat di negara ini. Dengan populasi 35.300.280 dan luas daratan 2.149.690 km², peristiwa seismik dapat memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap infrastruktur dan keselamatan publik.
Tinjauan Seismik
Saudi Arabia's seismicity is concentrated in its western and northern regions, associated with the Red Sea rift system and the Harrat volcanic fields. The Red Sea is an actively spreading ocean basin, and the Hijaz and Asir ranges along Saudi Arabia's western coast are the uplifted shoulders of this rift. Active normal [[fault]]s parallel to the Red Sea coast produce moderate earthquakes and contribute to the hazard in the Hejaz region, including near Mecca and Medina. The Harrat volcanic fields — large lava plateaus in northwestern Saudi Arabia including Harrat Rahat, Harrat Khaybar, and Harrat Lunayyir — are fed by active magmatic systems that generate both volcanic earthquakes and tectonic events associated with dyke intrusion. In 2009, a swarm of over 30,000 earthquakes at Harrat Lunayyir preceded what seismologists interpreted as an incipient volcanic eruption that was averted by evacuation and careful monitoring.
Saudi Arabia's seismic history includes the 1915 Hejaz earthquake, the 1941 Al-Qunfudhah earthquake (magnitude 6.8), and numerous events associated with the Harrat volcanic fields. The 2009 Harrat Lunayyir earthquake swarm produced a magnitude 5.7 mainshock and caused the evacuation of Al-Ays town. Aqaba Gulf events — including the 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake (magnitude 7.2) that killed 12 people in southern Saudi Arabia — demonstrate the hazard associated with the northward extension of the Red Sea rift system. Eastern Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh and the oil-producing Eastern Province, sits on the stable Arabian Platform interior and experiences much lower hazard, though [[seismic-wave]]s from distant Zagros earthquakes are occasionally felt.
The tectonic setting of Saudi Arabia involves the progressive rifting of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate as the Red Sea spreads wider. This rifting began approximately 30 million years ago and continues today at roughly 15–20 millimetres per year along the main Red Sea rift axis. The Arabian Plate is not only rifting from Africa but also rotating slightly, with the northern end opening into the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. The Jordan-Dead Sea rift system continues the tectonic boundary northward through Jordan and into Lebanon and Syria. The Harrat volcanic fields are fed by mantle upwelling associated with the rifting, creating a unique combination of volcanic and tectonic seismic hazard in western Saudi Arabia that requires ongoing monitoring by the Saudi Geological Survey.
Gempa Terbaru
| Mag. | Lokasi | Waktu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tidak ada gempa bumi terbaru. | |||
Peristiwa Historis yang Menonjol
Earthquakes Near Major Cities in Saudi Arabia
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Saudi Arabia has a low level of seismic activity. Large earthquakes are infrequent but not impossible. A total of 0 earthquakes have been recorded in Saudi Arabia's seismic history.
Saudi Arabia has had 0 recorded earthquakes. This count includes events of all magnitudes detected by seismic monitoring networks. The actual number of earthquakes may be higher, as smaller events can go undetected.
Saudi Arabia is classified in the "Low" seismic zone, located in Asia. Seismic zones indicate the relative level of earthquake hazard based on historical activity, geological conditions, and proximity to tectonic plate boundaries.
Selama gempa bumi, Merunduk, Berlindung, dan Bertahan. Berlindung di bawah meja atau meja yang kokoh, lindungi kepala dan leher Anda, dan bertahan hingga guncangan berhenti. Jika di luar ruangan, pindah ke area terbuka jauh dari bangunan dan kabel listrik.
Risiko gempa bumi suatu negara dinilai menggunakan beberapa faktor: kedekatan dengan batas lempeng tektonik, seismisitas historis (frekuensi dan magnitudo kejadian masa lalu), kondisi geologi, kepadatan penduduk di zona seismik, dan penegakan standar bangunan. QuakeFYI menetapkan zona seismik dari 0 (tanpa risiko) hingga 4 (sangat tinggi) berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.
Zona seismik adalah wilayah geografis yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 0 memiliki risiko yang dapat diabaikan, Zona 1 memiliki risiko rendah, Zona 2 memiliki risiko sedang, Zona 3 memiliki risiko tinggi, dan Zona 4 memiliki risiko sangat tinggi. Zona-zona ini ditentukan oleh data gempa bumi historis, kondisi tektonik, dan kondisi geologi.
Negara-negara di sepanjang Cincin Api Pasifik mengalami gempa bumi paling banyak. Jepang, Indonesia, Chili, Filipina, dan Iran secara konsisten mencatat aktivitas seismik tertinggi. Amerika Serikat (terutama Alaska dan California), Turki, dan Meksiko juga termasuk negara-negara dengan aktivitas seismik tertinggi.
Kepadatan penduduk memperbesar risiko gempa bumi karena lebih banyak orang dan infrastruktur yang terpapar potensi kerusakan. Gempa bumi magnitudo 7,0 di kota yang padat penduduknya dapat menyebabkan ribuan korban, sementara kejadian yang sama di area tak berpenghuni mungkin tidak menyebabkan korban. Standar bangunan dan kesiapsiagaan darurat sangat mengurangi risiko di area padat penduduk.
Kepadatan seismik mengukur konsentrasi aktivitas gempa bumi relatif terhadap luas daratan suatu negara, dinyatakan sebagai gempa bumi per 1.000 kilometer persegi. Kepadatan seismik yang tinggi menunjukkan aktivitas gempa bumi yang sering per satuan luas, membantu membandingkan risiko seismik antara negara-negara dengan ukuran berbeda.