地震警报系统
定义
墨西哥的SASMEX，世界上最早的公共地震预警系统之一，自1991年运营。为来自沿海地震的墨西哥城提供长达60秒的预警。
示例
SASMEX在2017年M8.2恰帕斯地震到达墨西哥城前提供了60秒的预警。
相关术语
相关指南
P波和S波:地震波传播方式
Learn how P-waves and S-waves travel through Earth, why P-waves arrive first, and how scientists use them to locate earthquakes.
余震解释:为什么地震会成群出现?
Aftershocks can continue for months or years after a major earthquake. Learn what causes them, how they're predicted, and when they'll stop.
2004年印度洋海啸:最致命的波浪
The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra earthquake generated a tsunami that killed 230,000 people across 14 countries. The disaster that changed warning systems.
加州的地震环境:圣安德烈亚斯断层上的生活
California sits on the San Andreas Fault, one of the world's most studied. Learn about the Big One risk, ShakeAlert, and how Californians prepare.
墨西哥的地震带:三重交汇点风险
Mexico City faces severe earthquake risk due to subduction zones and soft lake-bed soil amplification. Learn about SASMEX and seismic preparedness.
地震预警:那些关键的几秒钟
Even 10 seconds of earthquake early warning saves lives. Learn how automated systems use those critical seconds to protect people and infrastructure.
全球地震计网络解释
150+ stations monitor every earthquake on Earth. Learn how the GSN works and why it's essential for global seismic safety.
地震预警系统:如何工作
Earthquake early warning provides seconds of life-saving alert. Learn how ShakeAlert, SASMEX, and Japan's system detect quakes.
GPS与地震:测量地面变形
GPS stations track millimeter-scale crustal movements revealing how strain builds on faults between earthquakes.
地震预警应用如何工作
Earthquake early warning apps can give you seconds of warning before shaking arrives. Learn how ShakeAlert and MyShake work.
相关案例研究
2017年墨西哥城地震:1985年灾难周年纪念日的M7.1
Striking on the exact 32nd anniversary of the 1985 disaster during a national earthquake drill, the 2017 earthquake served as a live audit of Mexico City's three decades of seismic improvements.
1985年墨西哥城地震:违抗距离的共鸣灾难
The definitive case study in site amplification and structural resonance, where lake-bed sediments selectively amplified 2-second seismic waves that destroyed mid-rise buildings 350 km from the epicenter.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。