结构共振
定义
当地震波频率与建筑物的自然频率相匹配时，建筑物运动放大。低层建筑与高频波共振；高层建筑与低频波共振。
示例
1985年墨西哥城地震因与软湖床的共振，选择性地摧毁了6-15层建筑。
相关术语
相关指南
P波和S波:地震波传播方式
Learn how P-waves and S-waves travel through Earth, why P-waves arrive first, and how scientists use them to locate earthquakes.
表面波:勒夫波和瑞利波解释
Surface waves cause the most earthquake damage. Understand how Love waves and Rayleigh waves move and why they're so destructive.
地震持续多长时间?
Most earthquakes last seconds, but great earthquakes can shake for minutes. Learn what determines duration and why it matters for damage.
建筑物如何应对地震
Buildings sway, crack, and can collapse during earthquakes. Learn the engineering principles behind how structures respond to seismic forces.
抗震阻尼器:建筑用减震器
Seismic dampers absorb earthquake energy like giant shock absorbers. Learn how viscous, friction, and tuned mass dampers protect skyscrapers.
摩天大楼和地震:工程奇迹
Skyscrapers use advanced engineering to withstand earthquakes. Learn how tall buildings resist seismic forces with dampers and flexible design.
1989年洛马普里埃塔地震:世界大赛地震
The 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake struck during the World Series, collapsing freeways and exposing soft-story building dangers.
墨西哥的地震带:三重交汇点风险
Mexico City faces severe earthquake risk due to subduction zones and soft lake-bed soil amplification. Learn about SASMEX and seismic preparedness.
地震模拟软件:工程工具
Engineers use earthquake simulation software to test building designs before construction. Learn about the tools that make buildings safer.
相关案例研究
2017年墨西哥城地震:1985年灾难周年纪念日的M7.1
Striking on the exact 32nd anniversary of the 1985 disaster during a national earthquake drill, the 2017 earthquake served as a live audit of Mexico City's three decades of seismic improvements.
1995年神户地震:改变日本建筑规范的灾难
The earthquake that exposed fatal weaknesses in Japan's pre-1981 building stock, leading to the most sweeping seismic engineering reforms in history and proving that building codes save lives.
1985年墨西哥城地震:违抗距离的共鸣灾难
The definitive case study in site amplification and structural resonance, where lake-bed sediments selectively amplified 2-second seismic waves that destroyed mid-rise buildings 350 km from the epicenter.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。