완벽한 지진 대비 체크리스트

Home Safety Assessment: Securing Furniture and Fixtures

A thorough home safety assessment is the foundation of every serious Earthquake PreparednessThe ongoing process of planning and preparation to minimize earthquake impact, including securing furniture, creating communication plans, maintaining emergency supplies, and practicing drills. plan. Walk through each room and identify objects that could topple, shatter, or block an exit during strong shaking. Tall bookcases, filing cabinets, water heaters, and refrigerators are among the most common causes of earthquake-related injuries inside the home, not the structural failure of walls and floors. Use the Building Safety Checker to generate a customized risk profile for your dwelling type before you begin purchasing hardware.

Anchor tall furniture to wall studs using L-brackets or furniture straps rated for at least twice the item's weight. Studs are typically spaced 16 inches apart in North American construction; use a stud finder or the knock test to locate them before drilling. For furniture placed against drywall without a stud behind it, use toggle bolts rated for lateral loads. Revisit anchors every two years because wood studs can shrink and loosen fasteners over time.

Install latches on kitchen cabinets so dishes, glassware, and cleaning chemicals cannot fly out during Seismic IntensityA measure of the strength of shaking at a particular location, determined by observed effects on people, structures, and the natural environment. Decreases with distance from the epicenter. VII or higher shaking. Magnetic child-safety latches work well for light loads, while positive-latch hardware is preferable for cabinets storing heavy items or hazardous chemicals. Place non-slip mats under electronics and small appliances to reduce sliding without permanent attachment.

Overhead hazards deserve special attention because they are easy to overlook. Ceiling fans, chandeliers, and heavy artwork hung above beds or couches can injure sleeping or seated occupants. Re-hang heavy mirrors with two picture hooks set into studs rather than a single hook. Relocate beds away from windows and exterior walls where glass breakage and falling siding are most likely. Identify all gas appliance connections and know the location of the main shutoff valve; keep an adjustable wrench within arm's reach.

Building Your Emergency Kit: The Essentials

Every household needs a grab-and-go Earthquake Emergency KitA pre-assembled collection of supplies for surviving the aftermath of an earthquake, typically including water (1 gallon/person/day for 3 days), food, first aid, flashlight, and radio. capable of sustaining all occupants for a minimum of 72 hours, and ideally seven days. Regulatory guidance from FEMA and the Red Cross recommends one gallon of water per person per day as a baseline, but heat stress, physical exertion, and medical conditions can triple that figure. Store water in food-grade containers away from direct sunlight and chemical vapors, and rotate the supply every six months.

Non-perishable food should provide at least 1,800 calories per person per day and require minimal preparation. Canned goods, freeze-dried meals, protein bars, and peanut butter are reliable staples. Include a manual can opener because powered kitchen appliances will be useless without electricity. Account for dietary restrictions, allergies, and infant formula or baby food as needed.

First aid supplies must go beyond a basic commercial kit. Include prescription medications for a 30-day supply, a list of each household member's prescriptions, blood type cards, and copies of health insurance cards. Add a tourniquet, hemostatic gauze, and a CPR face shield for households with trained members. Review kit contents against Emergency Kit Builder recommendations to ensure quantities match your household size.

Communication and navigation tools round out the core kit. A battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA weather radio receives official Emergency Communication PlanA pre-arranged plan for family members to contact each other after an earthquake, including out-of-area contacts, meeting points, and alternative communication methods. alerts when cell networks are overloaded or down. Keep printed copies of critical phone numbers because phone batteries and cloud-synced contacts may both be unavailable. A whistle is compact, requires no power, and can signal rescuers from beneath debris far more effectively than shouting.

Emergency Communication Plan for Your Family

The most common failure in household preparedness is the absence of a tested Emergency Communication PlanA pre-arranged plan for family members to contact each other after an earthquake, including out-of-area contacts, meeting points, and alternative communication methods. plan. Telephone networks — both cellular and landline — experience catastrophic overload in the minutes and hours following a major earthquake as millions of people attempt to call simultaneously. A family with a pre-agreed out-of-area contact, designated meeting points, and a written plan will reunite far faster than one relying on improvised calling.

Designate one contact who lives outside your region to serve as the central message hub. It is often easier to reach a distant contact than a local one because call volume is concentrated in the affected area. Every family member should have this contact's number memorized and written on a laminated card in their wallet or backpack. Instruct everyone to send a single text message rather than repeated calls because texts route through congested networks more reliably.

Select two physical meeting points: a primary location near your home (such as a neighbor's yard or the end of your street) and a secondary location farther away (such as a community center or school) in case the neighborhood is inaccessible. Children old enough to walk to school independently should know both locations and understand which to use based on where they are when shaking occurs.

Financial Preparedness: Insurance and Documents

Earthquake InsuranceA specialized insurance policy covering damage caused by earthquakes, typically purchased as a separate policy from standard homeowners insurance. Mandatory in some countries like Japan and Turkey. is a separate policy from standard homeowner's or renter's insurance; earthquake damage is explicitly excluded from virtually all standard property policies in the United States. Review the California Earthquake Authority model and equivalent state programs to understand deductible structures, which typically range from 10% to 25% of the insured value of the dwelling. Compare this against your estimated retrofit cost and replacement cost before deciding on coverage levels.

Store irreplaceable documents in a fireproof, waterproof safe or a bank safe-deposit box, and maintain digital backups in encrypted cloud storage. Critical documents include passports, birth certificates, property deeds, vehicle titles, wills, financial account numbers, and insurance policy declarations. A USB drive with scanned copies can fit in a go-bag and provides quick access when digital connectivity is restored.

Neighborhood and Community Preparedness

Individual household readiness is necessary but insufficient. Earthquake PreparednessThe ongoing process of planning and preparation to minimize earthquake impact, including securing furniture, creating communication plans, maintaining emergency supplies, and practicing drills. at the community level dramatically improves outcomes because emergency services will be overwhelmed after a major earthquake and neighbors will be the first responders in many situations. Introduce yourself to at least six nearby households and exchange contact information before a disaster occurs.

Consider organizing or joining your neighborhood in the CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) program. CERT (Community Emergency Response Team)A volunteer program that trains community members in basic disaster response skills including fire suppression, search and rescue, and medical triage for the initial post-earthquake period. training teaches basic search and rescue, fire suppression, medical triage, and team organization. Graduates can safely assist professional responders, freeing trained personnel for the most critical tasks. Many municipalities offer CERT courses free of charge through fire departments.

Know where communal resources are located: fire hydrants, utility shutoff panels for multi-unit buildings, AED defibrillators, first aid kits in public facilities, and designated emergency shelter locations. Post a neighborhood resource map in a common area and share it digitally before an earthquake happens.

Monthly Preparedness Maintenance Routine

Preparedness is not a one-time task. Establish a monthly routine to keep your plan functional. On the first of each month, test your NOAA radio battery and replace it if voltage is below threshold. Rotate water supplies semi-annually (mark containers with the fill date). Inspect medications quarterly and replace any approaching expiration.

Conduct a brief tabletop discussion with all household members twice a year to reinforce meeting points, review the Drop, Cover, and Hold OnThe internationally recommended protective action during earthquake shaking. Drop to your hands and knees, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until shaking stops. technique, and update the emergency contact list for any changes. After any local earthquake — even a minor one — walk through the house to check that furniture anchors remain tight and cabinet latches are intact. Use the Building Safety Checker annually to reassess risk as the household composition and furnishings change.