余震
定义
在同一断层区域内发生在主震之后的较小地震。余震序列可持续数周到数年，最大余震的震级通常比主震低1.0-1.2级。
示例
2011年东日本大地震在第一年内产生了超过900次M5+的余震。
相关术语
相关指南
余震解释:为什么地震会成群出现?
Aftershocks can continue for months or years after a major earthquake. Learn what causes them, how they're predicted, and when they'll stop.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
1976年唐山地震:中国最严重的灾难
The 1976 M7.5 Tangshan earthquake killed an estimated 242,000 people. The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century.
2015年尼泊尔地震:廓尔喀地震
The 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake devastated Kathmandu and triggered avalanches on Everest. A study in building vulnerability and international response.
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:双重灾难
Two devastating earthquakes within hours killed over 50,000 in Turkey and Syria. The most destructive earthquake disaster of the 2020s.
地震保险如何工作:保费、免赔额和保障范围
Earthquake insurance has unique deductibles (10-25% of home value) and coverage terms. Understand premiums, exclusions, and what's actually covered.
小地震能防止大地震吗?
Small earthquakes do not release enough energy to prevent large ones. Learn the math behind why this popular belief is wrong.
地震变得更频繁吗?
It seems like earthquakes are increasing, but improved detection explains the trend. Learn what the data actually shows about earthquake frequency.
我们能用应用预测地震吗?
No app can predict earthquakes. Learn the difference between prediction and early warning, and which apps actually provide useful alerts.
蹲下、遮蔽、抓住:正确的反应方式
Drop, Cover, and Hold On is the proven earthquake safety action. Learn the correct technique and why alternatives like doorways are dangerous.
相关案例研究
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:造成59,000人死亡的双重主震
The deadliest earthquake disaster of the 2020s, notable for its unprecedented double mainshock sequence and the subsequent criminal prosecution of contractors for building code violations.
2016年熊本地震:改写地震灾害规则的双重主震
The earthquake doublet that overturned the assumption that the first large shock is always the mainshock, forcing Japan to revise its public messaging and early warning protocols.
2015年尼泊尔地震:喜马拉雅山移动,加德满都颤抖
The earthquake that demonstrated the Himalayas' ongoing collision in real time, with GPS measurements showing Nepal shifted 3 meters south, while only partially releasing centuries of accumulated tectonic strain.
2011年基督城地震:6.2级余震如何摧毁市中心
One of the few cases where an aftershock was more devastating than its mainshock, with a M6.2 at just 5 km depth producing 2.2g ground acceleration that obliterated Christchurch's city center.
2011年东北地震:M9.1巨型逆冲断层如何引发日本的三重灾难
The only earthquake in recorded history to trigger a simultaneous earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, fundamentally changing how nations assess cascading risk.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。