库仑应力转移
定义
地震改变附近断层应力的过程，可能触发或延迟未来地震。用于预测哪些断层更接近失效。
示例
1992年兰德斯地震增加了圣安德烈亚斯断层的库仑应力。
相关术语
相关指南
余震解释:为什么地震会成群出现?
Aftershocks can continue for months or years after a major earthquake. Learn what causes them, how they're predicted, and when they'll stop.
地震群:小地震不停止时
Earthquake swarms produce hundreds of small tremors without a clear mainshock. Learn what causes them and whether they signal bigger events.
2015年尼泊尔地震:廓尔喀地震
The 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake devastated Kathmandu and triggered avalanches on Everest. A study in building vulnerability and international response.
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:双重灾难
Two devastating earthquakes within hours killed over 50,000 in Turkey and Syria. The most destructive earthquake disaster of the 2020s.
小地震能防止大地震吗?
Small earthquakes do not release enough energy to prevent large ones. Learn the math behind why this popular belief is wrong.
月球位相和地震:有关联吗?
Tidal forces from the moon have a tiny effect on earthquake triggering. Learn what research shows about lunar influence on seismicity.
核试验能引发地震吗?
Nuclear tests produce seismic waves but don't trigger natural earthquakes. Learn how seismologists distinguish explosions from earthquakes.
土耳其的地震挑战:安那托利亚断层系统
Turkey's North and East Anatolian Faults produce devastating earthquakes. Learn about the tectonic forces and building safety challenges.
走滑断层:板块横向滑动时
Transform faults like the San Andreas produce major earthquakes. Learn how horizontal plate motion creates destructive seismicity.
GPS与地震:测量地面变形
GPS stations track millimeter-scale crustal movements revealing how strain builds on faults between earthquakes.
相关案例研究
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:造成59,000人死亡的双重主震
The deadliest earthquake disaster of the 2020s, notable for its unprecedented double mainshock sequence and the subsequent criminal prosecution of contractors for building code violations.
2016年熊本地震:改写地震灾害规则的双重主震
The earthquake doublet that overturned the assumption that the first large shock is always the mainshock, forcing Japan to revise its public messaging and early warning protocols.
1999年伊兹密特地震:土耳其工业中心的北安那托利亚断层破裂
The latest in a remarkable 60-year westward migration of M7+ earthquakes along the North Anatolian Fault, with stress calculations now pointing directly at Istanbul for the next major rupture.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。