断层线
定义
断层在地球表面的痕迹，表现为一条破碎岩石的线或带。地质学家通过绘制活动断层线来评估附近社区的地震危险性。
示例
海沃德断层线穿过加利福尼亚州人口密集的东湾城市。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
1906年旧金山地震:现代地震学的诞生
The 1906 M7.9 San Francisco earthquake and fire reshaped a city and launched modern earthquake science. The quake that changed everything.
你需要地震保险吗?完整指南
Homeowners insurance doesn't cover earthquakes. Learn who needs earthquake insurance, what it costs, and how to decide if it's worth the premium.
加州地震局(CEA)解释
The CEA is the largest residential earthquake insurance provider in the US. Learn about its policies, deductible options, and retrofit discounts.
商业主的商业地震保险
Business earthquake insurance covers property damage, business interruption, and liability. Learn what commercial policies include and cost.
地震保险成本:影响保费的因素
Earthquake insurance premiums range from $100 to $5,000+ annually. Learn what factors determine your cost and how to lower your premium.
地震天气:为什么是迷思
There is no such thing as earthquake weather. Learn why this persistent myth has no scientific basis and what actually triggers earthquakes.
地震只发生在断层线上吗?
While most earthquakes occur along faults, intraplate earthquakes can strike far from plate boundaries. Learn where unexpected earthquakes happen.
日本的地震风险:最有准备的国家
Japan experiences 1,500+ earthquakes yearly. Learn how the world's most earthquake-prepared nation protects its people with technology and building codes.
板块构造论:地震的发动机
How tectonic plates move, collide, and generate earthquakes — the fundamental theory explaining Earth's seismic activity.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。