GPS大地测量
定义
使用全球定位系统接收器以毫米精度测量构造板块运动和地壳变形。揭示应变如何在地震之间在断层上积累。
示例
GPS站点显示2011年东日本大地震将日本海岸线向东移动了2.4米。
相关术语
相关指南
理解矩震级标度
The moment magnitude scale (Mw) is the modern gold standard for measuring earthquakes. Learn how it works and why it replaced the Richter scale.
地震的能量:TNT、原子弹及以上
A magnitude 9 earthquake releases energy equal to 25,000 nuclear bombs. Explore the staggering energy scale of earthquakes with real comparisons.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
2015年尼泊尔地震:廓尔喀地震
The 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake devastated Kathmandu and triggered avalanches on Everest. A study in building vulnerability and international response.
2010年智利地震:巨型逆冲断层教训
The 2010 M8.8 Chile earthquake showed how strong building codes save lives. Lessons from one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded.
新西兰阿尔卑斯断层:大地震在即
New Zealand's Alpine Fault has a 75% chance of rupturing within 50 years. Learn about this locked fault and its potential M8+ earthquake.
俯冲带:地球最强大的地震工厂
Subduction zones produce the world's largest earthquakes including the M9.5 Chile 1960 event. Learn how they work and where they exist.
断层的工作原理:走滑、正断和逆断
Faults are where earthquakes happen. Learn the three main fault types and how each produces different kinds of seismic events.
GPS与地震:测量地面变形
GPS stations track millimeter-scale crustal movements revealing how strain builds on faults between earthquakes.
InSAR:从太空看地震
Satellite radar reveals ground deformation from earthquakes with centimeter precision. Learn how InSAR maps fault slip from orbit.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。