震源
定义
地球内部地震破裂开始的实际位置，也称为焦点。震源深度对地震在地表的感受程度有显著影响。
示例
2011年东日本大地震的震源位于海底以下32公里深处。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
P波和S波:地震波传播方式
Learn how P-waves and S-waves travel through Earth, why P-waves arrive first, and how scientists use them to locate earthquakes.
震中(epicenter) vs 震源(hypocenter):有什么区别?
The epicenter is on the surface; the hypocenter is underground. Learn how scientists locate both and why the distinction matters for safety.
地震深度:浅源地震、中源地震和深源地震
Earthquake depth dramatically affects damage. Learn the three depth categories, why shallow quakes are deadliest, and what deep earthquakes reveal.
建筑物如何应对地震
Buildings sway, crack, and can collapse during earthquakes. Learn the engineering principles behind how structures respond to seismic forces.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
2010年海地地震:灾难和救援
The 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people. Learn why the devastation was so extreme and the lessons for earthquake preparedness.
1976年唐山地震:中国最严重的灾难
The 1976 M7.5 Tangshan earthquake killed an estimated 242,000 people. The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century.
1995年神户地震:唤醒日本的事件
The 1995 M6.9 Kobe earthquake exposed critical flaws in Japan's earthquake preparedness, killing 6,400 and transforming building codes.
2015年尼泊尔地震:廓尔喀地震
The 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake devastated Kathmandu and triggered avalanches on Everest. A study in building vulnerability and international response.
相关案例研究
2010年海地地震:7.0级地震如何造成316,000人死亡
The deadliest earthquake relative to magnitude in modern history, demonstrating that building quality and governance -- not earthquake size -- determine whether people live or die.
1976年唐山地震:20世纪最严重的地震
The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, which destroyed 93% of an industrial city in seconds and exposed the limitations of earthquake prediction despite China's success at Haicheng one year earlier.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。