震级
定义
用单一数值来量化地震释放的总能量。每增加一个整数级，释放的能量大约增加31.6倍。
示例
7.0级地震释放的能量大约是6.0级地震的31.6倍。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
地震如何测量:震级 vs 烈度
Understand the critical difference between earthquake magnitude (energy released) and intensity (shaking felt), and why both measurements matter.
里氏量表解释:历史、公式和局限性
Discover the history of the Richter scale, how Charles Richter created it in 1935, and why scientists now prefer the moment magnitude scale.
理解矩震级标度
The moment magnitude scale (Mw) is the modern gold standard for measuring earthquakes. Learn how it works and why it replaced the Richter scale.
修正梅卡利烈度等级:测量你感受到的
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale rates earthquake effects from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Learn what each level means.
震中(epicenter) vs 震源(hypocenter):有什么区别?
The epicenter is on the surface; the hypocenter is underground. Learn how scientists locate both and why the distinction matters for safety.
地震深度:浅源地震、中源地震和深源地震
Earthquake depth dramatically affects damage. Learn the three depth categories, why shallow quakes are deadliest, and what deep earthquakes reveal.
地震持续多长时间?
Most earthquakes last seconds, but great earthquakes can shake for minutes. Learn what determines duration and why it matters for damage.
地震的能量:TNT、原子弹及以上
A magnitude 9 earthquake releases energy equal to 25,000 nuclear bombs. Explore the staggering energy scale of earthquakes with real comparisons.
建筑物如何应对地震
Buildings sway, crack, and can collapse during earthquakes. Learn the engineering principles behind how structures respond to seismic forces.
相关案例研究
2018年苏拉威西地震:帕卢的走滑海啸和灾难性液化
The earthquake that defied three textbook rules: strike-slip faults generated a destructive tsunami, the rupture propagated at supershear speed, and liquefaction flows traveled 700 meters on nearly flat ground.
2017年墨西哥城地震:1985年灾难周年纪念日的M7.1
Striking on the exact 32nd anniversary of the 1985 disaster during a national earthquake drill, the 2017 earthquake served as a live audit of Mexico City's three decades of seismic improvements.
2016年熊本地震:改写地震灾害规则的双重主震
The earthquake doublet that overturned the assumption that the first large shock is always the mainshock, forcing Japan to revise its public messaging and early warning protocols.
2011年东北地震:M9.1巨型逆冲断层如何引发日本的三重灾难
The only earthquake in recorded history to trigger a simultaneous earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, fundamentally changing how nations assess cascading risk.
2010年海地地震:7.0级地震如何造成316,000人死亡
The deadliest earthquake relative to magnitude in modern history, demonstrating that building quality and governance -- not earthquake size -- determine whether people live or die.
相关工具
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。