地震观测网络
定义
持续监测地震活动的协调地震仪站点组。全球地震仪网络（GSN）包括150多个站点，提供全球覆盖。
示例
日本的Hi-net地震网络有800多个站点，是世界上密度最高的。
相关术语
相关指南
理解矩震级标度
The moment magnitude scale (Mw) is the modern gold standard for measuring earthquakes. Learn how it works and why it replaced the Richter scale.
P波和S波:地震波传播方式
Learn how P-waves and S-waves travel through Earth, why P-waves arrive first, and how scientists use them to locate earthquakes.
震中(epicenter) vs 震源(hypocenter):有什么区别?
The epicenter is on the surface; the hypocenter is underground. Learn how scientists locate both and why the distinction matters for safety.
余震解释:为什么地震会成群出现?
Aftershocks can continue for months or years after a major earthquake. Learn what causes them, how they're predicted, and when they'll stop.
前震:能预测主震吗?
Foreshocks occur before some major earthquakes, but can they be used for prediction? Learn the science behind foreshocks and their limitations.
地震群:小地震不停止时
Earthquake swarms produce hundreds of small tremors without a clear mainshock. Learn what causes them and whether they signal bigger events.
地震频率:多久发生一次?
About 500,000 earthquakes occur yearly, but only 100 cause damage. Learn the frequency-magnitude relationship and why big quakes are rare.
1976年唐山地震:中国最严重的灾难
The 1976 M7.5 Tangshan earthquake killed an estimated 242,000 people. The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century.
1964年阿拉斯加地震:大阿拉斯加地震
The 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquake was the most powerful earthquake in US history. Its lessons shaped modern building codes and tsunami science.
2010年智利地震:巨型逆冲断层教训
The 2010 M8.8 Chile earthquake showed how strong building codes save lives. Lessons from one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。