地震加固
定义
加强现有建筑以改进其抗震能力。常见的方法包括增加钢斜撑、加强基础和将结构螺栓固定到地基上。
示例
洛杉矶规定所有软层公寓楼必须在2024年前进行地震加固。
相关术语
相关指南
修正梅卡利烈度等级:测量你感受到的
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale rates earthquake effects from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Learn what each level means.
软层问题:某些建筑物为何坍塌
Soft story buildings with open ground floors are deadly in earthquakes. Learn how to identify them and what retrofitting options exist.
未加固砌体:最危险的建筑类型
Unreinforced masonry buildings kill more people in earthquakes than any other type. Learn the risks and how communities address this deadly legacy.
如何评估建筑物的抗震安全性
Learn to assess your building's earthquake vulnerability. A practical guide to identifying structural risks and when to hire a professional.
为你的家加固抗震
Earthquake retrofitting strengthens your home's foundation and framing. Learn the most effective upgrades and their costs for homeowners.
桥梁如何抵抗地震
Bridge earthquake engineering prevents catastrophic collapses. Learn about seismic isolation bearings, ductile columns, and retrofit strategies.
2010年海地地震:灾难和救援
The 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people. Learn why the devastation was so extreme and the lessons for earthquake preparedness.
1964年阿拉斯加地震:大阿拉斯加地震
The 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquake was the most powerful earthquake in US history. Its lessons shaped modern building codes and tsunami science.
1995年神户地震:唤醒日本的事件
The 1995 M6.9 Kobe earthquake exposed critical flaws in Japan's earthquake preparedness, killing 6,400 and transforming building codes.
1556年陕西地震:历史上最严重的地震
The 1556 Shaanxi earthquake killed approximately 830,000 people, making it the deadliest earthquake in recorded human history.
相关案例研究
2017年墨西哥城地震:1985年灾难周年纪念日的M7.1
Striking on the exact 32nd anniversary of the 1985 disaster during a national earthquake drill, the 2017 earthquake served as a live audit of Mexico City's three decades of seismic improvements.
2011年基督城地震:6.2级余震如何摧毁市中心
One of the few cases where an aftershock was more devastating than its mainshock, with a M6.2 at just 5 km depth producing 2.2g ground acceleration that obliterated Christchurch's city center.
1995年神户地震:改变日本建筑规范的灾难
The earthquake that exposed fatal weaknesses in Japan's pre-1981 building stock, leading to the most sweeping seismic engineering reforms in history and proving that building codes save lives.
1994年北岭地震:美国历史上最昂贵的地震
America's most expensive earthquake, which revealed that thousands of modern welded steel moment-frame buildings had suffered hidden brittle fractures in their connections.
1989年洛马普里埃塔地震:唤醒加州的世界大赛地震
America's first live-televised earthquake, broadcast to 62 million World Series viewers, whose Cypress Freeway collapse catalyzed California's seismic retrofit program for elevated highways.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。