建筑规范（地震）
定义
一套法律要求，规范建筑物的设计和建造以确保最低级别的地震安全。在大地震暴露新的脆弱性后进行更新。
示例
加州的建筑规范在1971年圣费尔南多地震后大幅加强。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
基础隔震解释:轴承上的建筑
Base isolation decouples buildings from ground shaking using rubber bearings. Learn how this technology protects hospitals, bridges, and homes.
软层问题:某些建筑物为何坍塌
Soft story buildings with open ground floors are deadly in earthquakes. Learn how to identify them and what retrofitting options exist.
未加固砌体:最危险的建筑类型
Unreinforced masonry buildings kill more people in earthquakes than any other type. Learn the risks and how communities address this deadly legacy.
抗震设计原理
Modern earthquake-resistant design uses ductility, redundancy, and energy dissipation. Learn the engineering principles that save lives.
如何评估建筑物的抗震安全性
Learn to assess your building's earthquake vulnerability. A practical guide to identifying structural risks and when to hire a professional.
为你的家加固抗震
Earthquake retrofitting strengthens your home's foundation and framing. Learn the most effective upgrades and their costs for homeowners.
木框架建筑的抗震能力
Wood frame construction performs well in earthquakes due to flexibility and light weight. Learn why wood is often the safest residential material.
大地震后建筑规范的演变
Every major earthquake reveals building failures that reshape building codes. Trace the evolution of seismic design standards from 1906 to today.
2010年海地地震:灾难和救援
The 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people. Learn why the devastation was so extreme and the lessons for earthquake preparedness.
相关案例研究
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:造成59,000人死亡的双重主震
The deadliest earthquake disaster of the 2020s, notable for its unprecedented double mainshock sequence and the subsequent criminal prosecution of contractors for building code violations.
2017年墨西哥城地震:1985年灾难周年纪念日的M7.1
Striking on the exact 32nd anniversary of the 1985 disaster during a national earthquake drill, the 2017 earthquake served as a live audit of Mexico City's three decades of seismic improvements.
2016年熊本地震:改写地震灾害规则的双重主震
The earthquake doublet that overturned the assumption that the first large shock is always the mainshock, forcing Japan to revise its public messaging and early warning protocols.
2011年基督城地震:6.2级余震如何摧毁市中心
One of the few cases where an aftershock was more devastating than its mainshock, with a M6.2 at just 5 km depth producing 2.2g ground acceleration that obliterated Christchurch's city center.
2010年考蒂恩地震:智利的M8.8巨型逆冲断层和备灾的力量
The clearest modern comparison showing that building codes save lives -- a M8.8 earthquake in Chile killed 525 people while a M7.0 in Haiti (35 days earlier) killed 316,000.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。