地震波
定义
由地震或爆炸产生的弹性波，在地球中传播。地震波将震源释放的能量传递到远处。
示例
核试验产生的地震波可被全面禁止核试验条约组织的监测网络检测到。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
表面波:勒夫波和瑞利波解释
Surface waves cause the most earthquake damage. Understand how Love waves and Rayleigh waves move and why they're so destructive.
地震持续多长时间?
Most earthquakes last seconds, but great earthquakes can shake for minutes. Learn what determines duration and why it matters for damage.
地震的能量:TNT、原子弹及以上
A magnitude 9 earthquake releases energy equal to 25,000 nuclear bombs. Explore the staggering energy scale of earthquakes with real comparisons.
建筑物如何应对地震
Buildings sway, crack, and can collapse during earthquakes. Learn the engineering principles behind how structures respond to seismic forces.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
2010年海地地震:灾难和救援
The 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people. Learn why the devastation was so extreme and the lessons for earthquake preparedness.
1906年旧金山地震:现代地震学的诞生
The 1906 M7.9 San Francisco earthquake and fire reshaped a city and launched modern earthquake science. The quake that changed everything.
1960年智利大地震:有记录以来最大的地震
At M9.5, the 1960 Chile earthquake remains the most powerful ever recorded. Its tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached Japan.
1964年阿拉斯加地震:大阿拉斯加地震
The 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquake was the most powerful earthquake in US history. Its lessons shaped modern building codes and tsunami science.
相关案例研究
2018年苏拉威西地震:帕卢的走滑海啸和灾难性液化
The earthquake that defied three textbook rules: strike-slip faults generated a destructive tsunami, the rupture propagated at supershear speed, and liquefaction flows traveled 700 meters on nearly flat ground.
2011年东北地震:M9.1巨型逆冲断层如何引发日本的三重灾难
The only earthquake in recorded history to trigger a simultaneous earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, fundamentally changing how nations assess cascading risk.
2004年印度洋海啸:21世纪最严重的地震灾难
The deadliest tsunami in modern history, killing 227,898 people across 14 countries, whose aftermath created the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System and transformed global disaster preparedness.
1985年墨西哥城地震:违抗距离的共鸣灾难
The definitive case study in site amplification and structural resonance, where lake-bed sediments selectively amplified 2-second seismic waves that destroyed mid-rise buildings 350 km from the epicenter.
1970年安卡什地震:南美历史上最严重的地震
The deadliest earthquake in South American history, where a 50-million-cubic-meter avalanche from Mount Huascaran traveled at 300 km/h to bury the town of Yungay, killing 92% of its population.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。