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QuakeFYI

Xây dựng bộ dụng cụ khẩn cấp

Build a personalized earthquake emergency kit with quantities based on your household size.

Preparedness

Tại sao chuẩn bị ứng phó khẩn cấp động đất quan trọng

Sau một trận động đất lớn, các dịch vụ thiết yếu như nước, điện và cứu hộ có thể bị gián đoạn trong nhiều ngày hoặc thậm chí nhiều tuần. FEMA, Hội Chữ thập đỏ và Cơ quan Quản lý Thảm họa Nhật Bản đều

Công cụ này tạo danh sách bộ dụng cụ cá nhân hóa dựa trên thành phần hộ gia đình. Nước là vật phẩm quan trọng nhất — khuyến nghị tiêu chuẩn là một gallon (3,8 lít) mỗi người mỗi ngày để uống

Các phương pháp tốt nhất cho bộ dụng cụ khẩn cấp

  • Đặt bộ dụng cụ ở vị trí dễ tiếp cận gần lối ra — không phải tầng hầm khóa hoặc tầng trên có thể không thể tiếp cận sau khi hư hại kết cấu.
  • Thay thế nguồn nước và thực phẩm mỗi 6 tháng. Nước đóng chai thương mại có hạn sử dụng khoảng 2 năm; thực phẩm đóng hộp kéo dài 2–5 năm.
  • Giữ bản sao các tài liệu quan trọng (giấy tờ tùy thân, hợp đồng bảo hiểm, liên lạc khẩn cấp) trong túi chống nước trong bộ dụng cụ.
  • Bao gồm radio chạy pin hoặc tay quay để nhận phát sóng khẩn cấp khi mạng di động bị gián đoạn.

Ứng dụng Phổ biến

  • Xây dựng bộ dụng cụ khẩn cấp gia đình với số lượng phù hợp theo quy mô và nhu cầu cụ thể của hộ gia đình bạn.
  • Tạo danh sách mua sắm đồ dùng chuẩn bị cho động đất.
  • Xem xét và cập nhật bộ dụng cụ khẩn cấp hiện có để đảm bảo không thiếu vật phẩm quan trọng.
  • Chuẩn bị bộ dụng cụ khẩn cấp cho nơi làm việc hoặc trường học dựa trên số người.

How to Use

  1. 1
    Enter Household Details

    Specify the number of adults, children, infants, and pets in your household, plus any special medical needs. FEMA and the American Red Cross recommend a minimum 72-hour (3-day) supply for household preparedness, with 2 weeks recommended for major earthquake scenarios.

  2. 2
    Select Your Risk Level

    Choose your seismic zone (low, moderate, high, very high) based on your location. High-risk zones (California, Pacific Northwest, Japan, New Zealand) warrant larger supplies due to potential infrastructure disruption lasting weeks.

  3. 3
    Review Your Personalized Kit List

    Get a complete, quantified checklist with specific amounts for water (FEMA standard: 1 gallon per person per day), food, medical supplies, and communications equipment. Save or print for procurement tracking.

About

Emergency preparedness for earthquakes encompasses three phases that emergency managers call the '3 Ps': preparedness (building resilience before an event), response (actions taken in the immediate aftermath), and recovery (returning to normal function over weeks to months). The preparedness phase, where kit building occurs, is the most effective investment: research consistently shows that households with emergency supplies, practiced evacuation plans, and structural retrofits sustain fewer injuries and recover faster than unprepared households of similar socioeconomic status.

The 72-hour preparedness standard—maintaining 3 days of independent supplies—emerged from FEMA analysis of disaster response timelines: professional emergency responders typically cannot reach all affected households within the first 72 hours of a major event. For major earthquake scenarios on the scale of the anticipated Cascadia Subduction Zone event (estimated M8.0–9.2), FEMA's Cascadia Rising exercise projections suggest some communities may not receive substantial external aid for 2–4 weeks due to infrastructure (bridges, highways, ports) damage. Oregon and Washington emergency management now recommend 2-week household preparedness for residents in the subduction zone's projected impact area.

Community preparedness programs significantly amplify individual readiness. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program, developed after the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake by the Los Angeles Fire Department and now administered nationally by FEMA, trains community members in basic disaster response skills including light search and rescue, first aid, and fire suppression. Japan's neighborhood-level disaster prevention associations (Jishubo) coordinate block-level evacuation drills and maintain shared emergency caches for communities. These collective approaches address the reality that the first responders in any major disaster are the disaster survivors themselves—the first professional responders typically arrive 30 to 60 minutes after an event begins.

FAQ

How much water should I store for an earthquake emergency?
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and American Red Cross recommend a minimum of 1 gallon of water per person per day for drinking and basic sanitation, for a minimum of 3 days. For earthquake scenarios, where water infrastructure damage may last weeks, a 2-week supply is more appropriate for residents of seismically active regions. Water purification options—iodine tablets, portable filters (e.g., Sawyer Squeeze, LifeStraw), or UV sterilizers—extend stored supply effectively. Stored water should be replaced every 6–12 months; commercially sealed water has a shelf life of 2 years but can be consumed safely beyond that date if stored correctly (away from light, chemicals, and temperature extremes above 50°C).
What food should be in an earthquake emergency kit?
Emergency food should be calorie-dense, non-perishable, and require minimal preparation—particularly important when utility services are disrupted. FEMA recommends stocking 2,000+ calories per adult per day. Optimal items include commercially canned goods (vegetables, proteins, fruits) with ring-pull lids, freeze-dried meals (25-year shelf life, nutritionally complete), peanut butter (calorie-dense, shelf-stable), crackers, nuts, dried fruit, and protein or energy bars. A manual can opener is essential. High-sodium items should be limited if water supply is restricted. Infants, elderly individuals, and those with medical dietary requirements need specific provisions. The Ready.gov nutrition guidelines recommend selecting foods familiar to your household to maintain morale during extended emergencies.
What documents should I include in my earthquake emergency kit?
Critical documents should be stored in waterproof, portable containers or as secure digital backups. Essential items include: government-issued identification (passports, driver's licenses), insurance policies (homeowner's, renter's, health, vehicle), property deeds and mortgage documents, financial account information and recent statements, medical records and prescription information (including generic drug names), emergency contact lists (stored offline—mobile networks may be overwhelmed), and a local paper map. FEMA recommends photographing documents and uploading them to secure cloud storage as backup. The Federal Trade Commission also advises maintaining a list of credit card numbers and bank account information stored separately from physical cards.
How should I store emergency supplies to ensure they remain usable?
Storage location significantly affects the longevity and accessibility of emergency supplies. Ideal storage is cool (below 21°C), dry, dark, and away from gasoline or solvents. An interior closet, basement (above flood level), or garage corner (climate-permitting) works well. For earthquake preparedness specifically, supplies should be stored in low, stable locations—not in tall cupboards that may topple—and ideally in accessible 'go-bags' that can be grabbed quickly if evacuation is needed. Water containers should be food-grade plastic (HDPE, BPA-free); avoid reusing milk or juice jugs as their residual sugars promote bacterial growth. Rotate food on a first-in, first-out basis, integrating emergency food into regular meals to prevent expiration. Annual review and replacement of batteries, medications, and expired items is the minimum maintenance interval.
What communication tools are most reliable after a major earthquake?
Terrestrial cellular networks are frequently overwhelmed or damaged in major earthquakes. The most reliable communication tools during post-earthquake scenarios are: battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA Weather Radio receivers (which broadcast Emergency Alert System messages independent of internet infrastructure), satellite communicators (Garmin inReach, SPOT, Starlink emergency messaging), amateur (ham) radio (which requires licensing but offers maximum independence), and SMS text messaging (which queues and sends through congested networks more reliably than voice calls). The American Red Cross Safe and Well website enables family status check-ins via internet. Pre-establishing an out-of-area family contact—easier to reach than local lines—is standard Red Cross advice. Internet connectivity via Starlink low-earth-orbit satellite is now a practical option for households in disaster zones.