走滑断层
定义
岩石块体水平相互滑动的断层。圣安德烈亚斯断层和北安纳托利亚断层是产生破坏性地震的主要走滑断层。
示例
1999年伊兹米特地震使北安纳托利亚走滑断层破裂了150公里。
相关术语
相关指南
2010年海地地震:灾难和救援
The 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake killed over 200,000 people. Learn why the devastation was so extreme and the lessons for earthquake preparedness.
1906年旧金山地震:现代地震学的诞生
The 1906 M7.9 San Francisco earthquake and fire reshaped a city and launched modern earthquake science. The quake that changed everything.
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:双重灾难
Two devastating earthquakes within hours killed over 50,000 in Turkey and Syria. The most destructive earthquake disaster of the 2020s.
1989年洛马普里埃塔地震:世界大赛地震
The 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake struck during the World Series, collapsing freeways and exposing soft-story building dangers.
加州的大地震:区分事实与虚构
California's Big One is real science, not science fiction. Learn what seismologists actually predict and how California is preparing.
加州的地震环境:圣安德烈亚斯断层上的生活
California sits on the San Andreas Fault, one of the world's most studied. Learn about the Big One risk, ShakeAlert, and how Californians prepare.
土耳其的地震挑战:安那托利亚断层系统
Turkey's North and East Anatolian Faults produce devastating earthquakes. Learn about the tectonic forces and building safety challenges.
新西兰阿尔卑斯断层:大地震在即
New Zealand's Alpine Fault has a 75% chance of rupturing within 50 years. Learn about this locked fault and its potential M8+ earthquake.
菲律宾:台风和地震
The Philippines faces compound earthquake and typhoon risks on the Ring of Fire. Learn about its subduction zones and multi-hazard challenges.
走滑断层:板块横向滑动时
Transform faults like the San Andreas produce major earthquakes. Learn how horizontal plate motion creates destructive seismicity.
相关案例研究
2023年土耳其-叙利亚地震:造成59,000人死亡的双重主震
The deadliest earthquake disaster of the 2020s, notable for its unprecedented double mainshock sequence and the subsequent criminal prosecution of contractors for building code violations.
2018年苏拉威西地震:帕卢的走滑海啸和灾难性液化
The earthquake that defied three textbook rules: strike-slip faults generated a destructive tsunami, the rupture propagated at supershear speed, and liquefaction flows traveled 700 meters on nearly flat ground.
2016年熊本地震:改写地震灾害规则的双重主震
The earthquake doublet that overturned the assumption that the first large shock is always the mainshock, forcing Japan to revise its public messaging and early warning protocols.
2010年海地地震:7.0级地震如何造成316,000人死亡
The deadliest earthquake relative to magnitude in modern history, demonstrating that building quality and governance -- not earthquake size -- determine whether people live or die.
1999年伊兹密特地震:土耳其工业中心的北安那托利亚断层破裂
The latest in a remarkable 60-year westward migration of M7+ earthquakes along the North Anatolian Fault, with stress calculations now pointing directly at Istanbul for the next major rupture.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。