构造板块
定义
地球岩石圈的巨大组成部分，可以移动、漂浮，有时会断裂。共有7个主要板块和约8个次要板块，它们之间的相互作用导致了大多数地震。
示例
太平洋板块是最大的构造板块，面积达1.03亿平方公里。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
有些国家对地震免疫吗?
No country is completely immune to earthquakes. Learn why even stable continental regions can experience unexpected seismic events.
板块构造论:地震的发动机
How tectonic plates move, collide, and generate earthquakes — the fundamental theory explaining Earth's seismic activity.
俯冲带:地球最强大的地震工厂
Subduction zones produce the world's largest earthquakes including the M9.5 Chile 1960 event. Learn how they work and where they exist.
环太平洋火山地震带:太平洋沿岸为何摇晃
90% of earthquakes occur around the Ring of Fire. Explore this 40,000 km horseshoe of volcanic and seismic activity.
地幔对流:驱动板块运动的热引擎
Earth's mantle circulates like a slow-motion boiler, driving tectonic plates. Learn how heat from the core powers earthquakes.
岩石圈和软流圈:地球运动的层
The rigid lithosphere rides atop the flowing asthenosphere. Understand these layers and how they enable plate tectonics.
GPS与地震:测量地面变形
GPS stations track millimeter-scale crustal movements revealing how strain builds on faults between earthquakes.
GPS基准站如何跟踪板块运动
GPS stations measure plate movements of millimeters per year. Learn how this technology reveals fault strain and earthquake hazard.
相关案例研究
1964年大阿拉斯加地震:有记录以来第二大地震(M9.2)
The second-largest earthquake ever recorded and the event whose geological investigation by George Plafker provided critical field evidence for the then-controversial theory of plate tectonics.
1906年厄瓜多尔-哥伦比亚地震:定义北安第斯灾害的M8.8巨型逆冲断层
The earthquake that established the segmented rupture model for subduction zones, as its 500 km rupture was partially re-ruptured in three subsequent earthquakes -- a textbook case of megathrust supercycles.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。