海啸
定义
由海底地震导致海床突然位移而产生的一系列海浪。海啸可以以喷气式飞机的速度（700公里/小时以上）穿越整个大洋盆地。
示例
2004年印度洋海啸造成14个国家23万人死亡。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
震中(epicenter) vs 震源(hypocenter):有什么区别?
The epicenter is on the surface; the hypocenter is underground. Learn how scientists locate both and why the distinction matters for safety.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
2004年印度洋海啸:最致命的波浪
The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra earthquake generated a tsunami that killed 230,000 people across 14 countries. The disaster that changed warning systems.
1960年智利大地震:有记录以来最大的地震
At M9.5, the 1960 Chile earthquake remains the most powerful ever recorded. Its tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached Japan.
1964年阿拉斯加地震:大阿拉斯加地震
The 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquake was the most powerful earthquake in US history. Its lessons shaped modern building codes and tsunami science.
1755年里斯本地震:哲学改变的时刻
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, tsunami, and fire destroyed one of Europe's greatest cities and sparked the Enlightenment debate on natural evil.
2010年智利地震:巨型逆冲断层教训
The 2010 M8.8 Chile earthquake showed how strong building codes save lives. Lessons from one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded.
1923年关东大地震:东京的毁灭
The 1923 M7.9 Kanto earthquake destroyed Tokyo and Yokohama, killing over 140,000. The firestorms were deadlier than the shaking itself.
加州地震局(CEA)解释
The CEA is the largest residential earthquake insurance provider in the US. Learn about its policies, deductible options, and retrofit discounts.
相关案例研究
2018年苏拉威西地震:帕卢的走滑海啸和灾难性液化
The earthquake that defied three textbook rules: strike-slip faults generated a destructive tsunami, the rupture propagated at supershear speed, and liquefaction flows traveled 700 meters on nearly flat ground.
2011年东北地震:M9.1巨型逆冲断层如何引发日本的三重灾难
The only earthquake in recorded history to trigger a simultaneous earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, fundamentally changing how nations assess cascading risk.
2010年考蒂恩地震:智利的M8.8巨型逆冲断层和备灾的力量
The clearest modern comparison showing that building codes save lives -- a M8.8 earthquake in Chile killed 525 people while a M7.0 in Haiti (35 days earlier) killed 316,000.
2004年印度洋海啸:21世纪最严重的地震灾难
The deadliest tsunami in modern history, killing 227,898 people across 14 countries, whose aftermath created the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System and transformed global disaster preparedness.
1964年大阿拉斯加地震:有记录以来第二大地震(M9.2)
The second-largest earthquake ever recorded and the event whose geological investigation by George Plafker provided critical field evidence for the then-controversial theory of plate tectonics.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。