地震烈度
定义
衡量某一特定地点震动强度的指标，根据对人员、建筑物和自然环境的观测效应来确定。随着与震中距离的增加而减弱。
示例
断层附近的烈度为VIII级，但在100公里外仅为IV级。
相关术语
相关指南
地震是什么?完整入门指南
Learn what causes earthquakes, how they occur along fault lines, and why some regions experience more seismic activity than others.
地震如何测量:震级 vs 烈度
Understand the critical difference between earthquake magnitude (energy released) and intensity (shaking felt), and why both measurements matter.
修正梅卡利烈度等级:测量你感受到的
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale rates earthquake effects from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Learn what each level means.
震中(epicenter) vs 震源(hypocenter):有什么区别?
The epicenter is on the surface; the hypocenter is underground. Learn how scientists locate both and why the distinction matters for safety.
地震深度:浅源地震、中源地震和深源地震
Earthquake depth dramatically affects damage. Learn the three depth categories, why shallow quakes are deadliest, and what deep earthquakes reveal.
完整的地震防备检查清单
A comprehensive, step-by-step earthquake preparedness checklist covering supplies, home safety, communication plans, and financial protection.
地震期间在室外做什么:室外安全
Outdoor earthquake safety differs from indoor. Learn what to do if you're driving, walking, near buildings, at the beach, or in the mountains.
政府如何评估地震损害
Post-earthquake damage assessment uses rapid visual screening and detailed inspections. Learn how buildings get tagged green, yellow, or red.
如何使用美国地质勘探局地震地图
The USGS earthquake map shows every detected earthquake in near-real time. Learn how to read it, filter data, and understand earthquake feeds.
理解ShakeMap:实时烈度
ShakeMap shows earthquake shaking intensity within minutes. Learn how to read these maps and what they reveal about ground motion.
相关案例研究
1976年唐山地震:20世纪最严重的地震
The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, which destroyed 93% of an industrial city in seconds and exposed the limitations of earthquake prediction despite China's success at Haicheng one year earlier.
1948年阿什哈巴特地震:数十年被隐瞒的苏联灾难
The most concealed earthquake disaster in history, where the Soviet government classified the true death toll of 110,000 as a state secret for 40 years.
1923年关东大地震:火焰摧毁东京的时刻
The earthquake that proved fire -- not shaking -- is the primary killer in dense urban areas, with 38,000 people perishing in a single fire tornado.
1755年里斯本地震:撼动启蒙运动的灾难
The earthquake that launched both seismology as a science and modern emergency management, while simultaneously triggering a philosophical revolution.
1556年陕西地震:人类历史上最严重的地震(830,000人死亡)
The deadliest earthquake in human history, killing 830,000 people -- primarily because the population lived in cave dwellings carved into loess cliffs that collapsed en masse during the shaking.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。