矩震级标度
定义
现代测量地震大小的标准方法（Mw），基于地震矩——即断层面积、平均滑移量和岩石刚度的乘积。适用于所有大小的地震。
示例
2011年东日本大地震矩震级为Mw 9.1，是有记录以来第四大地震。
相关术语
相关指南
地震如何测量:震级 vs 烈度
Understand the critical difference between earthquake magnitude (energy released) and intensity (shaking felt), and why both measurements matter.
里氏量表解释:历史、公式和局限性
Discover the history of the Richter scale, how Charles Richter created it in 1935, and why scientists now prefer the moment magnitude scale.
理解矩震级标度
The moment magnitude scale (Mw) is the modern gold standard for measuring earthquakes. Learn how it works and why it replaced the Richter scale.
表面波:勒夫波和瑞利波解释
Surface waves cause the most earthquake damage. Understand how Love waves and Rayleigh waves move and why they're so destructive.
地震的能量:TNT、原子弹及以上
A magnitude 9 earthquake releases energy equal to 25,000 nuclear bombs. Explore the staggering energy scale of earthquakes with real comparisons.
2011年东北地震和海啸:完整分析
The 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and nuclear disaster. A comprehensive analysis of one of history's worst earthquakes.
2004年印度洋海啸:最致命的波浪
The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra earthquake generated a tsunami that killed 230,000 people across 14 countries. The disaster that changed warning systems.
1960年智利大地震:有记录以来最大的地震
At M9.5, the 1960 Chile earthquake remains the most powerful ever recorded. Its tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached Japan.
2010年智利地震:巨型逆冲断层教训
The 2010 M8.8 Chile earthquake showed how strong building codes save lives. Lessons from one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded.
地震变得越来越强是真的吗?
Earthquakes are not getting stronger. Learn why it might seem that way and what the historical record reveals about earthquake magnitude trends.
常见问题解答
震中是地表上位于震源（地震破裂开始处）正上方的点。通常以经纬度坐标报告。最强的震动通常发生在震中附近，但当地土壤条件和断层几何形态可能使最大损害区域发生偏移。
地震仪（地震计）是检测和记录地震波引起的地面运动的仪器。现代宽频带地震仪可以检测到比原子宽度还小的运动。全球地震仪网络使科学家能够在几分钟内确定地震的位置和震级。
P波（纵波）是通过岩石传播最快的压缩波，最先到达地震台站。S波（横波）到达较晚但引起更大的地面震动。P波可以通过固体、液体和气体传播；S波只能通过固体传播。两者之间的时间差有助于确定地震的距离。
震源是地球内部地震破裂开始的点。它由经度、纬度和深度来描述。震源与其正上方地表之间的垂直距离即为地震深度，这对地表感受到的震动强度有很大影响。
地震学是研究地震和地震波在地球内部传播的科学学科。它包括地震检测、定位和特征描述、地球内部结构、地震危险性评估和地震工程。地震学家利用全球地震仪网络的数据来研究这些现象。